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The land crab is a member of the family 'Gecarcinidae', and is remarkable for the curious modification of the carapace in the region of the gills, which enables it to lead a terrestrial existence. The land crabs occurs in the warmer regions of both hemispheres, but the best known one is the black 'Gecarcinus ruricola' of Jamaica and the West Indian islands generally. It inhabits burrows on the hills a short distance from the coast, wanders about at night or during rains, in search of vegetable food, and makes an annual migration to the shore to spawn, often passing through houses instead of going around them. They are sometimes eaten. Many other crabs are largely terrestrial, as the oriental cocoa-nut crabs; and a species of Ocypoda very troublesom in Ceylon, by burrowing in lawns, garden paths, and the like.

Land Crab

The land crab is a member of the family 'Gecarcinidae', and is remarkable for the curious modification…

Meridians of longitude are the imaginary vertical lines that run around the Earth. These lines divide Earth into time zones, and measure 0-90 east and west.

Meridians of Longitude

Meridians of longitude are the imaginary vertical lines that run around the Earth. These lines divide…

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of the leg: 1. Human, 2. Ox, 3. Horse, 4. Bird, 5. Frog, 6. Crocodile, 7. Seal, 8. Dog, 9. Bear P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View), and Comparative Diagrams showing Modifications of the Leg

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of…

This illustration shows the leg of a seal. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis

Leg of Seal

This illustration shows the leg of a seal. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus,…

The claws of a seal's left hind foot.

Seal

The claws of a seal's left hind foot.

Battle of Yorktown. One of the major battles between the British and Americans. It took place in Virginia and was considered the final battle of the Revolutionary War.

Siege of Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown. One of the major battles between the British and Americans. It took place in Virginia…

Gunboats in the James River off the Virginia coast. Gunboats were boats used for carrying one or more guns in order to bombard coastal targets.

Gunboats

Gunboats in the James River off the Virginia coast. Gunboats were boats used for carrying one or more…

Soldiers making pontoon boats off the coast of Fredericksburg Virginia.

Pontoon Laying

Soldiers making pontoon boats off the coast of Fredericksburg Virginia.

Soldiers marching to Chancellorsville Virginia. The Battle of Chancellorsville was a seven day battle between Robert E. Lee and Joseph Hooker. It was considered Lee's "perfect battle" due to his risky decision to divide his army despite those of his rival's to be much bigger. It resulted in an important Confederate victory.

March to Chancellorsville

Soldiers marching to Chancellorsville Virginia. The Battle of Chancellorsville was a seven day battle…

Civil War soldiers crossing Ely's Ford and the Rapidan river. Ely's Ford was a major battle of the river. It is located in Virginia near Fredericksburg.

Ely's Ford

Civil War soldiers crossing Ely's Ford and the Rapidan river. Ely's Ford was a major battle of the river.…

American soldiers retreating across the Rappahannock river in Northwest Virginia. It shows an example of a ford, which is a place in a river or other body of water where it is shallow enough for people to cross.

Rappahannock River

American soldiers retreating across the Rappahannock river in Northwest Virginia. It shows an example…

Soldiers crossing the Rapidan river in Virginia.

Crossing the Rapidan

Soldiers crossing the Rapidan river in Virginia.

Soldiers passing Generals Grant (left) and George Meade (right). Meade is best known for defeating Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg. Grant became lieutenant general and is best known making the final dent in the Confederate's army, causing Robert E. Lee to surrender to him at Appomattox Virginia. Grant later becomes the eighteenth president.

Civil War Generals

Soldiers passing Generals Grant (left) and George Meade (right). Meade is best known for defeating Robert…

The Battle of Fort Steadman was one of the Confederacy's last attempts to besiege Petersburg, Virginia. Although the Confederates were successful in capturing the fort, they were later driven back by Union troops. This battle was in the last days of the Civil War.

Fort Steadman

The Battle of Fort Steadman was one of the Confederacy's last attempts to besiege Petersburg, Virginia.…

The Le Puy Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Puy) facade or west front. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral and French monument located in Le Puy-en-Velay, Auvergne.

Le Puy Cathedral

The Le Puy Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame du Puy) facade or west front. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral…

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches of Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto. In the center of the plaza is an Egyptian obelisk of Sety I from Heliopolis. The twin churches were completed in 1681 and the engraving was published in 1872 and so must represent a time between those two dates.

The Piazza del Popolo in Rome

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches…

"In the thirteenth year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor, the two and twentieth day of the first month, the word was given out in the house of Nabuchodonosor king of the Assyrians, that he would revenge himself. And he called all the ancients, and all the governors, and his officers of war, and communicated to them the secret of his counsel: And he said that his thoughts were to bring all the earth under his empire. And when this saying pleased them all, Nabuchodonosor, the king, called Holofernes the general of his armies, And said to him: Go out against all the kingdoms of the west, and against them especially that despised my commandment. Thy eye shall not spare any kingdom, and all the strong cities thou shalt bring under my yoke. Then Holofernes called the captains and officers of the power of the Assyrians: and he mustered men for the expedition, as the king commanded him, a hundred and twenty thousand fighting men on foot, and twelve thousand archers, horsemen." Judith 2:2-7 DRA <p>Illustration of the vast armies of Nebuchadnezzar.

Army of King Nebuchadnezzar

"In the thirteenth year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor, the two and twentieth day of the first month,…

The pug is a breed of small, short-haired lap dogs, probably of Oriental origin, and introduced into Europe by way of Holland in the sixteenth century. The breed is characterized by the shortness of the face and uplifted form of nose. Only a fawn color, with blackish face, was known until about 1875, when a wholly black variety was introduced into the West from China. The pug is essentially a house dog, good-tempered and affectionate. Unless restrained, it becomes extremely fat. Its weight should not exceed fifteen pounds; its form should be compact and elegant, though robust, with straight legs, the face much wrinkled and forehead high, the coat smooth and silky, and the tail always tightly curled over the hip. The face and thin, small ears should be black, and in the fawn-colored breed a blackish line should run along the spine.

Pug Dog

The pug is a breed of small, short-haired lap dogs, probably of Oriental origin, and introduced into…

A group of Franks, mainly men with a couple of women and children, cross the Rhine River on a wooden raft. Two men strain at the large oars on the front and another can be seen working an oar in the back. Several men have spears and two are pointing into the distance in front of them. Another raft can be seen just behind them (right), while a third is shown far away in the distance. Large cliffs rise in the background. The Romans were resettling the Franks near to their borders so they could be controlled.

Franks Crossing the Rhine to Establish Themselves on the West Bank as Allies of Rome

A group of Franks, mainly men with a couple of women and children, cross the Rhine River on a wooden…

An aerial view of the siege of Château Gaillard, also called the Saucy Castle. Construction of the castle was begun by Richard the Lionheart in 1196. The castle was besieged by the French who are pictured encamped to the south of the castle with a siege tower and two catapults. The fortified town of Petit-Andely is pictured to the north in the background. The River Seine runs to the west.

The Siege of Château Gaillard, the Saucy Castle of Richard the Lionheart - Aerial View

An aerial view of the siege of Château Gaillard, also called the Saucy Castle. Construction of the…

"The seal <i>Macrorhinus elephantinus</i> or <i>proboscideus</i>, or <i>Morunga proboscidea</i>. It is the largest of the otaries; the snout is prolonged into a proboscis suggestive of an elephant's trunk. It is confined to the higher latitudes of the southern hemisphere...." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Elephant Seal on a Rock

"The seal Macrorhinus elephantinus or proboscideus, or Morunga proboscidea. It is the largest of the…

Illustration of the entrance of an igloo, built out of ice, partially underwater. A seal is swimming under the water, headed for the entrance.

Seal Swimming up to an Igloo

Illustration of the entrance of an igloo, built out of ice, partially underwater. A seal is swimming…

<i>Leptonychotes weddelli</i>. "A spotted seal of the southern and antarctic seas, belonging to the family <i>Phocidae</i> and either of two different genera." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This illustration shows the seal lying on some rocks.

Leopard Seal

Leptonychotes weddelli. "A spotted seal of the southern and antarctic seas, belonging to the family…

"A press or stamp bearing dies on its jaws, or a die and a bed, for imprinting or embossing any device upon paper or a plastic material, as lead. It is much used to form the seals of seal-locks, and may be a kind of heavy pincers. a and a1, dies; b (dotted outline), bar sliding in guide c; d (dotted outline), abutment for coiled spring e; f, lever with cam g at the bottom. The lever moved in the direction in dicated by the arrow forces a down upon a1; when it is released the spring reverses the motion." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Seal Press

"A press or stamp bearing dies on its jaws, or a die and a bed, for imprinting or embossing any device…

"A West-African kob antelope, <i>Kobus sing-sing</i>. —Whitney, 1889 <p>This illustration shows the antelope stepping down into a body of water. The animal has two, long, curved horns and is surrounded by grass-like foliage.

Kobus Sing-Sing Antelope

"A West-African kob antelope, Kobus sing-sing. —Whitney, 1889 This illustration shows the antelope…

"A circular box used for covering and protecting a seal. Old documents were commonly sealed by means of a ribbon which passed through the parchment, and to which was affixed a large circular wax seal, not attached to the parchment itself, but hanging below its edge. The skippet used to protect such a seal was commonly turned of wood, like a shallow box, with a cover formed of a simple disk of wood held to the box by strings passed through eyelet-holes." -Whitney, 1889

Skippet - Open Box with a Seal Inside

"A circular box used for covering and protecting a seal. Old documents were commonly sealed by means…

<i>Tetrapturus albidus</i>. Also called a billfish or spearfish, "the dorsal fin is low or moderately developed, and the ventrals are represented only by spines. It inhabits American waters as far north as New England in summer, and is not seldom taken in fathoms deep. The spear-fish is related to the swordfish (though of another family), and has a similar beak or sword. It attains a length of six or eight feet. In the West Indies its Spanish name is <i>aguja</i>." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

White Marlin, a Sailfish

Tetrapturus albidus. Also called a billfish or spearfish, "the dorsal fin is low or moderately developed,…